Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects approximately 5-10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is characterized by multiple small cysts on the ovaries, irregular or missed menstrual periods, and elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) like testosterone.
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it often runs in families and is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes the body to produce more insulin to help cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream. Excess insulin can stimulate the ovaries to produce more androgens, leading to symptoms of PCOS.
Some of the key signs and symptoms of PCOS include:
- Irregular, infrequent, or prolonged menstrual periods - This is often one of the first signs of PCOS. Menstrual abnormalities occur due to irregular ovulation.
- Excess androgen levels - Elevated testosterone levels can cause acne, male-pattern baldness, and excess facial/body hair growth.
- Polycystic ovaries - The ovaries contain multiple small cysts along the outer edges. This may be detected on an ultrasound.
- Obesity - Up to 80% of women with PCOS are overweight or obese. Excess weight exacerbates hormone imbalances and symptoms.
- Infertility - PCOS is a leading cause of female infertility due to lack of ovulation. However, women with PCOS can get pregnant, especially with treatment.
- Skin conditions - Acne, skin tags, acanthosis nigricans (dark, velvety skin patches) are common PCOS symptoms.
There is no cure for PCOS, but symptoms can be managed through lifestyle changes and medications. Key treatment options may include:
- Weight loss through diet and exercise helps balance hormones and regulate menstrual cycles. Even a modest reduction of 5-10% body weight can improve PCOS symptoms.
- Birth control pills or other hormonal contraceptives can help regulate menstrual periods and reduce excess hair growth and acne.
- Fertility medications like clomiphene or metformin may be used to induce ovulation for women trying to conceive.
- Anti-androgens like spironolactone can reduce excessive hair growth and acne.
- Surgery is rarely necessary but may be an option for some cases of infertility or ovarian cysts.
If you suspect you may have PCOS, make an appointment with your healthcare provider. They can perform diagnostic tests, screen for associated conditions like diabetes, and help create a customized treatment plan. The hormone experts at Rejuvenate Hormone Clinic specialize in PCOS and can provide compassionate care and support. With proper treatment, most women with PCOS can manage their symptoms and reduce their long-term health risks. Don't hesitate to reach out for help.